UN Security Council Resolution 1970 (2011) - Libya

The Security Council

Expressing grave concern at the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and condemning the violence and use of force against civilians,

Deploring the gross and systematic violation of human rights, including the repression of peaceful demonstrators, expressing deep concern at the deaths of civilians, and rejecting unequivocally the incitement to hostility and violence against the civilian population made from the highest level of the Libyan government,

Welcoming the condemnation by the Arab League, the African Union, and the Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference of the serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that are being committed in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 

Taking note of the letter to the President of the Security Council from the Permanent Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya dated 26 February 2011, 

Welcoming the Human Rights Council resolution A/HRC/RES/S-15/1 of 25 February 2011, including the decision to urgently dispatch an independent international commission of inquiry to investigate all alleged violations of international human rights law in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, to establish the facts and circumstances of such violations and of the crimes perpetrated, and where possible identify those responsible,

Considering that the widespread and systematic attacks currently taking place in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya against the civilian population may amount to crimes against humanity,

Expressing concern at the plight of refugees forced to flee the violence in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 

Expressing concern also at the reports of shortages of medical supplies to treat the wounded, 

Recalling the Libyan authorities’ responsibility to protect its population,

Underlining the need to respect the freedoms of peaceful assembly and of expression, including freedom of the media, 

Stressing the need to hold to account those responsible for attacks, including by forces under their control, on civilians, 

Recalling article 16 of the Rome Statute under which no investigation or prosecution may be commenced or proceeded with by the International Criminal Court for a period of 12 months after a Security Council request to that effect, 

Expressing concern for the safety of foreign nationals and their rights in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.  

Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security under the Charter of the United Nations, 

Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41, 

1. Demands an immediate end to the violence and calls for steps to fulfil the legitimate demands of the population; 

2. Urges the Libyan authorities to: 

• Act with the utmost restraint, respect human rights and international humanitarian law, and allow immediate access for international human rights monitors;
• Ensure the safety of all foreign nationals and their assets and facilitate the departure of those wishing to leave the country;
• Ensure the safe passage of humanitarian and medical supplies, and humanitarian agencies and workers, into the country; and
• Immediately lift restrictions on all forms of media; 

 3. Requests all Member States, to the extent possible, to cooperate in the evacuation of those foreign nationals wishing to leave the country; 

ICC referral

4. Decides to refer the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya since 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court; 

5. Decides that the Libyan authorities shall cooperate fully with and provide any necessary assistance to the Court and the Prosecutor pursuant to this resolution and, while recognizing that States not party to the Rome Statute have no obligation under the Statute, urges all States and concerned regional and other international organizations to cooperate fully with the Court and the Prosecutor; 

6. Decides that nationals, current or former officials or personnel from a State outside the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya which is not a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of that State for all alleged acts or omissions arising out of or related to operations in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya established or authorized by the Council, unless such exclusive jurisdiction has been expressly waived by the State; 

7. Invites the Prosecutor to address the Security Council within two months of the adoption of this resolution and every six months thereafter on actions taken pursuant to this resolution;

8. Recognizes that none of the expenses incurred in connection with the referral, including expenses related to investigations or prosecutions in connection with that referral, shall be borne by the United Nations and that such costs shall be borne by the parties to the Rome Statute and those States that wish to contribute voluntarily;  

Arms embargo

9. Decides that all Member States shall immediately take the necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, from or through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical assistance, training, financial or other assistance, related to military activities or the provision, maintenance or use of any arms and related materiel, including the provision of armed mercenary personnel whether or not originating in their territories, and decides further that this measure shall not apply to: 

• Supplies of non-lethal military equipment intended solely for humanitarian or protective use, and related technical assistance or training, as approved in advance by the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 below; 
• Protective clothing, including flak jackets and military helmets, temporarily exported to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya by United Nations personnel, representatives of the media and humanitarian and development workers and associated personnel, for their personal use only; or 
• Other sales or supply of arms and related materiel, or provision of assistance or personnel, as approved in advance by the Committee;  

10. Decides that the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya shall cease the export of all arms and related materiel and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;  

11. Calls upon all States, in particular States neighbouring the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation and consistent with international law, in particular the law of the sea and relevant international civil aviation agreements, all cargo to and from the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, in their territory, including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraphs 9 or 10 of this resolution for the purpose of ensuring strict implementation of those provisions;  

12. Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States shall, upon discovery of items prohibited by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, seize and dispose (such as through destruction, rendering inoperable, storage or transferring to a State other than the originating or destination States for disposal) items the supply, sale, transfer or export of which is prohibited by paragraphs 9 or 10 of this resolution and decides further that all Member States shall cooperate in such efforts; 

13. Requires any Member State when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to paragraph 11 above, to submit promptly an initial written report to the Committee containing, in particular, explanation of the grounds for the inspections, the results of such inspections, and whether or not cooperation was provided, and, if prohibited items for transfer are found, further requires such Member States to submit to the Committee, at a later stage, a subsequent written report containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure, and disposal, and relevant details of the transfer, including a description of the items, their origin and intended destination, if this information is not in the initial report; 

14. Encourages Member States to take steps to strongly discourage their nationals from travelling to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to participate in activities on behalf of the Libyan authorities that could reasonably contribute to the violation of human rights; 

Travel ban

15. Decides that all Member States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into or transit through their territories of individuals listed in Annex I of this resolution or designated by the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 below, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse its own nationals entry into its territory; 

16. Decides that the measures imposed by paragraph 15 above shall not apply: 

• Where the Committee determines on a case-by-case basis that such travel is justified on the grounds of humanitarian need, including religious obligation;
• Where entry or transit is necessary for the fulfilment of a judicial process;
• Where the Committee determines on a case-by-case basis that an exemption would further the objectives of peace and national reconciliation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and stability in the region; or
• Where a State determines on a case-by-case basis that such entry or transit is required to advance peace and stability in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the States subsequently notifies the Committee within forty-eight hours after making such a determination; 

Asset freeze 

17. Decides that all Member States shall freeze without delay all funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the individuals or entities listed in annex II of this resolution or designated by the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 below, or by individuals or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or by entities owned or controlled by them, and decides further that all Member States shall ensure that any funds, financial assets or economic resources are prevented from being made available by their nationals or by any individuals or entities within their territories, to or for the benefit of the individuals or entities listed in Annex II of this resolution or individuals designated by the Committee;  

18. Expresses its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17 shall at a later stage be made available to and for the benefit of the people of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; 

19. Decides that the measures imposed by paragraph 17 above do not apply to funds, other financial assets or economic resources that have been determined by relevant Member States: 

• To be necessary for basic expenses, including payment for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges or exclusively for payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services in accordance with national laws, or fees or service charges, in accordance with national laws, for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds, other financial assets and economic resources, after notification by the relevant State to the Committee of the intention to authorize, where appropriate, access to such funds, other financial assets or economic resources and in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee within five working days of such notification;
• To be necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that such determination has been notified by the relevant State or Member States to the Committee and has been approved by the Committee; or
• To be the subject of a judicial, administrative or arbitral lien or judgment, in which case the funds, other financial assets and economic resources may be used to satisfy that lien or judgment provided that the lien or judgment was entered into prior to the date of the present resolution, is not for the benefit of a person or entity designated pursuant to paragraph 17 above, and has been notified by the relevant State or Member States to the Committee; 

20. Decides that Member States may permit the addition to the accounts frozen pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 17 above of interests or other earnings due on those accounts or payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that arose prior to the date on which those accounts became subject to the provisions of this resolution, provided that any such interest, other earnings and payments continue to be subject to these provisions and are frozen;

21. Decides that the measures in paragraph 17 above shall not prevent a designated person or entity from making payment due under a contract entered into prior to the listing of such a person or entity, provided that the relevant States have determined that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity designated pursuant to paragraph 17 above, and after notification by the relevant States to the Committee of the intention to make or receive such payments or to authorize, where appropriate, the unfreezing of funds, other financial assets or economic resources for this purpose, 10 working days prior to such authorization; 

Designation criteria 

22. Decides that the measures contained in paragraphs 15 and 17 shall apply to the individuals and entities designated by the Committee, pursuant to paragraph 24 (b) and (c), respectively; 

• Involved in or complicit in ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses against persons in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, including by being involved in or complicit in planning, commanding, ordering or conducting attacks, in violation of international law, including aerial bombardments, on civilian populations and facilities; or
• Acting for or on behalf of or at the direction of individuals or entities identified in subparagraph (a). 

23. Strongly encourages Member States to submit to the Committee names of individuals who meet the criteria set out in paragraph 22 above; 

New Sanctions Committee

24. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the Council (herein “the Committee”), to undertake to following tasks: 

• To monitor implementation of the measures imposed in paragraphs 9, 10, 15, and 17;
• To designate those individuals subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 15 and to consider requests for exemptions in accordance with paragraph 16 above;
• To designate those individuals subject to the measures imposed by paragraph 17 above and to consider requests for exemptions in accordance with paragraphs 19 and 20 above;
• To establish such guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed above;
• To report within thirty days to the Security Council on its work for the first report and thereafter to report as deemed necessary by the Committee;
• To encourage a dialogue between the Committee and interested Member States, in particular those in the region, including by inviting representatives of such States to meet with the Committee to discuss implementation of the measures;
• To seek from all States whatever information it may consider useful regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed above;
• To examine and take appropriate action on information regarding alleged violations or non-compliance with the measures contained in this resolution; 

25. Calls upon all Member States to report to the Committee within 120 days of the adoption of this resolution on the steps they have taken with a view to implementing effectively paragraphs 9, 10, 15 and 17 above; 

Humanitarian assistance 

26. Calls upon all Member States, working together and acting in cooperation with the Secretary General, to facilitate and support the return of humanitarian agencies and make available humanitarian and related assistance in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and requests the States concerned to keep the Security Council regularly informed on the progress of actions undertaken pursuant to this paragraph, and expresses its readiness to consider taking additional appropriate measures, as necessary, to achieve this; 

Commitment to review 

27. Affirms that it shall keep the Libyan authorities’ actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained in this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at any time in light of the Libyan authorities’ compliance with relevant provisions of this resolution; 

28. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. 

Annex I

Travel ban

1. Al-Baghdadi, Dr Abdulqader Mohammed 

    Passport number: B010574. Date of birth: 01/07/1950. 

    Head of the Liaison Office of the Revolutionary Committees. Revolutionary Committees involved in violence against demonstrators.

2. Dibri, Abdulqader Yusef 

    Date of birth: 1946. Place of birth: Houn, Libya.

    Head of Muammar Qadhafi’s personal security. Responsibility for regime security. History of directing violence against dissidents.  

3. Dorda, Abu Zayd Umar 

    Director, External Security Organisation. Regime loyalist. Head of external intelligence agency. 

4. Jabir, Major General Abu Bakr Yunis 

    Date of birth: 1952. Place of birth: Jalo, Libya. 

    Defence Minister. Overall responsibility for actions of armed forces. 

5. Matuq, Matuq Mohammed 

    Date of birth: 1956. Place of birth: Khoms.  

    Secretary for Utilities. Senior member of regime. Involvement with Revolutionary Committees. Past history of involvement in suppression of dissent and violence. 

6. Qadhaf Al-dam, Sayyid Mohammed 

    Date of birth: 1948. Place of birth: Sirte, Libya.  

   Cousin of Muammar Qadhafi. In the 1980s, Sayyid was involved in the dissident assassination campaign and allegedly responsible for several deaths in Europe. He is also thought to have been   involved in arms procurement. 

7. Qadhafi, Aisha Muammar 

    Date of birth: 1978. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya.

    Daughter of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

8. Qadhafi, Hannibal Muammar Passport number: B/002210. 

    Date of birth: 20/09/1975. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

9. Qadhafi, Khamis Muammar 

    Date of birth: 1978. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. Command of military units involved in repression of demonstrations. 

10. Qadhafi, Mohammed Muammar 

      Date of birth: 1970. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

      Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

11. Qadhafi, Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar 

     Date of birth: 1942. Place of birth: Sirte, Libya. 

     Leader of the Revolution, Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. Responsibility for ordering repression of demonstrations, human rights abuses. 

12. Qadhafi, Mutassim 

      Date of birth: 1976. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

      National Security Adviser. Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

13. Qadhafi, Saadi 

      Passport number: 014797. Date of birth: 25/05/1973. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya.

      Commander Special Forces. Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. Command of military units involved in repression of demonstrations.

14. Qadhafi, Saif al-Arab 

      Date of birth: 1982. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

      Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime.

15. Qadhafi, Saif al-Islam 

      Passport number: B014995. Date of birth: 25/06/1972. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

      Director, Qadhafi Foundation. Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. Inflammatory public statements encouraging violence against demonstrators.

16.  Al-Senussi, Colonel Abdullah 

       Date of birth: 1949. Place of birth: Sudan. 

     Director Military Intelligence. Military Intelligence involvement in suppression of demonstrations. Past history includes suspicion of involvement in Abu Selim prison massacre. Convicted in absentia for bombing of UTA flight. Brother-in-law of Muammar Qadhafi. 

Annex II 

Asset freeze

1. Qadhafi, Aisha Muammar 

    Date of birth: 1978. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya.

    Daughter of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

2. Qadhafi, Hannibal Muammar 

    Passport number: B/002210. Date of birth: 20/09/1975. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

3. Qadhafi, Khamis Muammar 

    Date of birth: 1978. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. Command of military units involved in repression of demonstrations. 

4. Qadhafi, Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar 

    Date of birth: 1942. Place of birth: Sirte, Libya. 

    Leader of the Revolution, Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. Responsibility for ordering repression of demonstrations, human rights abuses. 

5. Qadhafi, Mutassim 

    Date of birth: 1976. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    National Security Adviser. Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. 

6. Qadhafi, Saif al-Islam 

    Passport number: B014995. Date of birth: 25/06/1972. Place of birth: Tripoli, Libya. 

    Director, Qadhafi Foundation. Son of Muammar Qadhafi. Closeness of association with regime. Inflammatory public statements encouraging violence against demonstrators.